The Tragic Tale of SS Cumberland: A Paddlewheeler’s Misfortunes on Lake Superior

Identification & Site Information

• Vessel Name: SS Cumberland

• Vessel Type: Paddlewheel Steamer

• Built: 1871, by Quayle & Martin, Cleveland, Ohio

• Dimensions:

• Length: 209 feet (63.7 meters)

• Beam: 31 feet (9.4 meters)

• Depth: 12 feet (3.6 meters)

• Tonnage: 620 gross tons

• Owner: Northern Michigan Transportation Company

• Location: Off Grand Island, Lake Superior, near Munising, Michigan

• Coordinates: 47° 51.465’N, 89° 19.650’W

• Depth of Wreck: 20 to 80 feet (6 to 24 meters)

Vessel Type Description

The SS Cumberland was a Paddlewheel Steamer primarily used for passenger and freight transport across Lake Superior. Paddlewheel steamers like the Cumberland were common during the late 19th century, known for their distinctive side-mounted paddlewheels, which made them suitable for navigating shallow waters. The Cumberland played an essential role in connecting remote communities and facilitating trade and transportation in the Great Lakes region.

History

Construction and Service Life

The Cumberland was launched in 1871, built with robust construction to endure the rigours of Lake Superior’s unpredictable weather. Serving as a vital link between ports, the Cumberland ferried passengers and cargo with reliability. Its Paddlewheel propulsion, though eventually surpassed by screw-driven ships, symbolized the transitional era of Great Lakes shipping.

Final Voyage

On July 25, 1877, the Cumberland embarked on what would be its last journey. The vessel was transporting cargo, including general merchandise, and some passengers. As it navigated off Grand Island, near Munising, Michigan, the Cumberland encountered strong winds and rough seas, a hallmark of Lake Superior’s temperamental conditions.

Despite the crew’s efforts to manage the ship amidst worsening weather, a devastating boiler explosion rocked the vessel. The explosion severely damaged the ship’s structure, and the ensuing fire spread rapidly. The situation became untenable, and the Cumberland began taking on water.

Loss and Aftermath

With its Hull compromised, the Cumberland sank to the depths of Lake Superior in waters ranging from 20 to 80 feet deep. Fortunately, all lives aboard were saved, thanks to the swift action of the crew and nearby rescuers. However, the vessel and its cargo were a Total Loss, marking the end of the Cumberland’s service life.

Final Disposition

The Cumberland’s wreck lies scattered along the lakebed, with portions of the Hull, Paddlewheel remnants, and other structural components still visible. The wreck site serves as a haunting reminder of the risks faced by mariners navigating the vast and often treacherous waters of Lake Superior.

Current Condition & Accessibility

• Condition: The wreck is well-preserved, given the cold, fresh water of Lake Superior, which slows the rate of deterioration. Sections of the Paddlewheel, machinery, and the Hull are still identifiable.

• Depth Range: The wreck lies in waters between 20 feet (6 meters) and 80 feet (24 meters), making it accessible to divers with varying skill levels.

• Visibility: Lake Superior’s clear waters provide good Visibility during favorable conditions, enhancing the site’s appeal to recreational divers.

• Hazards: Divers should exercise caution due to potential entanglement hazards, including fishing lines and the wreck’s aging structure.

NOTMARs & Advisories

There are no current Notices to Mariners (NOTMARs) specifically associated with the SS Cumberland’s wreck site. However, mariners in the area are advised to be cautious when navigating near the wreck to avoid accidental interference with divers.

Resources & Links

• Maritime History of the Great Lakes Database: maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca

• Great Lakes Shipwreck Research Foundation: greatlakesshipwrecks.org

• NOAA Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary: thunderbay.noaa.gov

Conclusion

The SS Cumberland’s story highlights the hazards of 19th-century maritime travel on the Great Lakes. Its sinking near Grand Island reflects the challenges faced by Paddlewheel steamers, from mechanical failures to the relentless forces of nature. Today, the wreck serves as a poignant underwater monument, preserving the history of the Great Lakes and offering divers and historians a window into the past.

Keywords: SS Cumberland, Paddlewheel Steamer, Lake Superior, Shipwreck, Munising Michigan, 19th Century Maritime History, Boiler Explosion, Shipwreck Diving.