IDENTIFICATION & SITE INFORMATION

• Name: Niagara

• Type: Tugboat

• Built: 1872

• Builder: Campbell & Owen, Detroit, Michigan

• Final Location: Knife Island, Lake Superior

• Coordinates: Not specified

• Depth: Wreck lies on a rocky slope, partially submerged

VESSEL DESCRIPTION

• Hull Design:

• Wooden construction with plain head and round Stern

• Dimensions:

• Length: 130 ft (39.6 m)

• Beam: 24.7 ft (7.5 m)

• Depth: 8.7 ft (2.6 m)

• Gross Tonnage: 276.87 tons

• Engine:

• Original: High-pressure engine by Dry Dock Engine Works, Detroit

• Re-engined (1890): Fore-and-aft compound engine by Frontier Iron Works, Detroit

• Propulsion: Single screw

• Boilers: Two

HISTORY

Construction and Service Life

The Niagara was among the early large “outside” tugboats used for the Great Lakes logging industry, towing log rafts and assisting vessels. Its robust design and power enabled it to perform tasks such as raising sunken schooners like the FRANCIS PALM and SWEETHEART in 1873.

Ownership and Modifications

• Owned by several notable figures, including Henry Esselstyn and Benjamin Boutell.

• Underwent significant rebuilds and upgrades, including a new engine installation in 1890 to enhance performance.

FINAL INCIDENT

Date: June 4, 1904

Location: Knife Island, Lake Superior

• Event:

• The Niagara encountered heavy seas en route from Duluth.

• A malfunctioning compass impaired navigation, leading the Tugboat to run aground on Knife Island’s rocky shoreline.

• Outcome:

• The crew of 11 and two passengers were rescued just before the vessel began to break apart.

• The wreckage quickly succumbed to the harsh conditions, breaking into multiple sections.

CURRENT CONDITION

• Wreck Description:

• The remains are scattered across a rocky slope on Knife Island.

• Divided into four main sections:

• Stem

• Starboard side and Keel

• Detached starboard rail

• Port side

• Access:

• Suitable for experienced divers due to rocky terrain and potential underwater hazards.

• Visibility may vary depending on weather and sediment conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE

The Niagara played a vital role in the Great Lakes maritime industry, particularly in logging operations and vessel recovery. Its loss highlights the challenges faced by early tugboats navigating unpredictable Great Lakes waters and the limitations of 19th-century navigation technology.

NOTES FOR DIVERS AND HISTORIANS

• Dive Tips:

• Approach with caution due to rocky underwater slopes and sharp wreckage.

• The site offers insight into early Tugboat construction and Great Lakes maritime history.

• Research Opportunities:

• The wreck is a valuable archaeological site for studying 19th-century Tugboat technology and the evolution of Great Lakes shipping.

REFERENCES & LINKS

• Maritime History of the Great Lakes

• Archival records from Detroit shipbuilders and historical newspapers

• Local dive charters specializing in Lake Superior wrecks

CONCLUSION

The wreck of the Niagara remains a poignant reminder of the bravery and skill of early Great Lakes mariners. Its service history and tragic end illustrate the vital role tugboats played in shaping the region’s maritime industry, while its wreckage offers a fascinating glimpse into the challenges of early navigation.

KEYWORDS

#Shipwrecks #Niagara #Tugboat #LakeSuperior #GreatLakesHistory #KnifeIsland #MaritimeHistory #WreckDiving