Identification & Site Information

• Vessel Name: Colonist

• Type: Wooden-hulled Propeller Steamer

• Year Built: 1854

• Builder: Robert Steed, Sarnia, Ontario

• Dimensions:

• Length: 134 feet (40.8 meters)

• Beam (Width): 24 feet (7.3 meters)

• Depth: 11 feet (3.4 meters)

• Gross Tonnage: 341 tons

• Net Tonnage: 207 tons

• Original Owner: James Potter, Sarnia, Ontario

• Final Disposition: Foundered in Lake Huron, November 21, 1869

• Cause of Wreck: Severe gale; structural damage from storm and leaking Hull

• Location: Approximately 25 miles southeast of the Straits of Mackinac, Lake Huron

Vessel Type Description

The Colonist was a wooden-hulled Propeller Steamer, a design commonly used on the Great Lakes for transporting freight across significant distances. Propeller-driven vessels like the Colonist became popular in the mid-19th century as they offered greater power and reliability than earlier sail-driven ships, particularly important for carrying valuable cargo across the often turbulent Great Lakes. With a robust size and single-cylinder engine, the Colonist was well-suited for its trade routes and capable of navigating Lake Huron’s demanding waters.

History

Built in 1854 by shipbuilder Robert Steed in Sarnia, Ontario, the Colonist was initially owned by James Potter of Sarnia and quickly became an active part of the Great Lakes shipping industry. Its construction reflected the skill and attention to detail characteristic of the era, with a length of 134 feet and a solid frame intended to withstand the region’s challenging conditions. The vessel was initially powered by a single-cylinder engine with a single boiler, typical for the time, yet efficient enough to handle the demands of lake transport.

Over its years of service, the Colonist changed ownership multiple times and sailed for various routes. In 1855, it was acquired by Holcomb & Henderson of Montreal, Quebec, operating along the Montreal, Toronto, and Hamilton line, establishing itself as a reliable freight transporter. Later owners included Jacques, Tracy, & Co. of Montreal, followed by Pridham of Montreal in 1866, as the vessel continued its work across the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.

The vessel’s tragic final voyage began in November 1869, as it set off from Milwaukee, laden with wheat and flour destined for Montreal. On November 17, while navigating Lake Huron near Manitowoc, Wisconsin, the Colonist encountered a fierce gale that damaged its Hull. Seeking refuge in the harbor, the crew hoped to ride out the storm, but the damage inflicted was severe. On November 19, as the Colonist resumed its course, it became clear that the vessel was taking on water due to a leak caused by the storm’s prior impact.

Despite the crew’s best efforts, the damaged Colonist was no match for Lake Huron’s relentless waves, and on November 21, it succumbed to the waters approximately 25 miles southeast of the Straits of Mackinac. Fortunately, no lives were lost, but the vessel, along with its valuable cargo of wheat and flour, sank into the lake.

Final Disposition

The Colonist Foundered on November 21, 1869, in Lake Huron, taking with it a load of flour and wheat. The exact location lies approximately 25 miles southeast of the Straits of Mackinac. Although the crew survived, the vessel and its cargo were lost, with the damage from the storm proving insurmountable.

Legacy and Historical Significance

The Colonist represents the resilience and risks faced by Great Lakes vessels during the 19th century, particularly as the shipping industry expanded with new technology and routes. Its history, marked by ownership changes, cargo voyages, and finally, its tragic end, is emblematic of the dedication and endurance of the crews and operators who navigated these vast inland waters. The loss of the Colonist serves as a reminder of the unpredictable challenges that shaped the history of Great Lakes shipping and the courage of those who braved its waters.

Resources & Links

For further information on the Colonist and similar vessels in Great Lakes history:

• Maritime History of the Great Lakes: Maritime History of the Great Lakes

• Great Lakes Ships Database: Great Lakes Ships Database

• Sarnia and Ontario Historical Societies: Local records on shipbuilders like Robert Steed and the region’s 19th-century maritime industry.