TANNER (1863, Bark/Schooner)

Identification & Site Information:

• Name: TANNER
• Other Names: None
• Official Number: 24236
• Type at Loss: Bark (possibly converted to 3-mast Schooner by 1875)
• Builder: Ellsworth & Davidson, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
• Year Built: 1863
• Specifications: Length: 157 ft (47.85 m)  Beam: 32 ft (9.75 m) Depth: 13 ft (3.96 m)
• Gross Tonnage: 435 tons (gross)
• Hull Material: Wood

Vessel Type

Originally built as a 3-masted Bark, the TANNER was likely converted to a 3-masted Schooner before her loss, a common modification to improve cargo capacity and handling on the Great Lakes. Barks were versatile, capable of carrying bulk freight such as grain, lumber, and general goods. The TANNER was a large wooden bulk freight vessel designed for long hauls across the Great Lakes, especially in the grain trade. She served routes between Milwaukee and Buffalo, carrying wheat and other agricultural products vital to the region’s economy. Her robust wooden Hull and rigging made her a typical representative of mid-19th-century Great Lakes commercial sailing vessels.

History

Built during the American Civil War era in 1863 by Ellsworth & Davidson of Milwaukee, the TANNER contributed to the expanding grain trade across the Great Lakes. She transported wheat from the Midwest to ports along Lake Erie and beyond, playing a crucial role in the agricultural supply chain.

Despite her sturdy construction, the TANNER encountered severe challenges typical of Great Lakes sailing, facing unpredictable weather and congested harbor conditions.

Final Disposition:

On September 10, 1875, while inbound to Milwaukee from Buffalo carrying a load of wheat, the TANNER was caught in a violent storm. Attempting to navigate into Milwaukee harbor, she missed the south pier, ran aground, and was battered relentlessly by high waves.

Rescue efforts were launched by the tugs J.J. HAGERMAN and J.B. MERRILL, along with the U.S. Revenue Cutter ANDREW JACKSON, which managed to save most of the crew. The cook swam ashore, while others clung to the wreck until rescued. Tragically, Captain Howard—the vessel’s master—drowned, becoming the sole casualty of the disaster.

The TANNER remained stranded until September 17, when she was pounded to pieces by relentless wave action, marking her as a Total Loss.

Resources & Links:

• Maritime History of the Great Lakes
• Wisconsin Maritime Museum
• U.S. Life-Saving Service Heritage Association
• Great Lakes Shipwrecks (GLMD)

Conclusion:

The loss of the TANNER underscores the perils faced by 19th-century sailors on the Great Lakes. Even near port, vessels were vulnerable to sudden storms and treacherous conditions. The courageous efforts of the life-saving crews and the tragic death of Captain Howard reflect both the bravery and the risks inherent in Great Lakes maritime history.