Garden City US 85293

Identification & Site Information

• Name: Garden City
• Former Names: None documented
• Official Number: 85293
• Date Built and Launched: 1873
• Builder: H. Miller, Ogdensburg, New York
• Original Owner: Northern Transportation Company, Ogdensburg, NY
• Vessel Type: Wooden Propeller Steamer (later converted to a steambarge)
• Hull Material: Wood
• Number of Decks: 2 (reduced to 1 deck after rebuild in 1880)
• Length: 133.4 ft (40.66 m) Beam (Width): 26 ft (7.92 m) Depth of Hold: 11.8 ft (3.6 m)
• Gross Tonnage: 457 tons
• Type: Screw Propeller
• Engine: Originally a single-cylinder engine (26.5” x 36”)
• Boilers: 2
• Re-engined: 1875, indicating a major mechanical upgrade
• Number of Masts: 1 (post-conversion added a second mast for barge towing stability)

Vessel Type

The Garden City began her career as a propeller-driven steamer, a common vessel type on the Great Lakes during the 19th century, used for transporting passengers, freight, and package goods. In 1880, she was rebuilt as a steambarge, reflecting the changing economic demands of Great Lakes commerce, with older steamers often repurposed to haul bulk cargo such as lumber, coal, and iron ore while being towed or operating under their own steam.

Description

Constructed in 1873 by H. Miller in Ogdensburg, New York, the Garden City was designed for versatility in both freight and passenger services, originally featuring two decks and powered by a robust screw propeller system. Measuring 133.4 feet in length, with a 26-foot beam and a 11.8-foot depth of hold, she was a sizable vessel capable of handling both bulk cargo and mixed-use transport along the bustling Great Lakes routes.

Her wooden hull was typical of the era, reinforced to endure the harsh conditions of Great Lakes navigation, including ice, storms, and the constant stress of heavy cargo loads. After her conversion to a steambarge in 1880, she was fitted with one deck and two masts, enabling her to be towed or operate as part of larger freight convoys.

Operational History

The Garden City had a long and active career on the Great Lakes, marked by several ownership changes, modifications, and maritime incidents.

Chronology of Notable Events:

• 1875: Re-engined to improve performance, indicating she remained a valuable asset after just two years in service.
• 1876 (March 10): Owned by Philo Chamberlain of Cleveland, Ohio—a prominent figure in Great Lakes shipping.
• 1876 (March 23): Returned to the ownership of the Northern Transportation Company, Ohio.
• 1880: Rebuilt at Alpena, Michigan, converted into a steambarge with a single deck and two masts, reflecting the transition from passenger service to bulk cargo operations.
• 1881 (April 14): Owned by Frank Gilchrist & George Fletcher of Alpena, Michigan.
• 1887 (November 16): Stranded on Black River Reef near Alpena, Lake Huron—likely due to navigational error or poor weather conditions.
• 1897 (May 26): Caught fire at Alpena, severely damaging her cabins, though she was later repaired and returned to service.
• 1898: Purchased by John J. Boland of Buffalo, New York, a significant player in the Great Lakes shipping industry.
• 1898 (August 19): Struck by the steamer H.E. Packer at Marine City, Michigan, causing further structural damage.

Final Voyage and Loss

On October 2, 1902, the Garden City met her end when she caught fire while located 4 miles up the Saginaw Riverfrom Bay City, Michigan. Fires were a common hazard for wooden-hulled steamers, often caused by engine malfunctions, boiler issues, or accidental ignition of flammable cargo.

The fire gutted the vessel, leaving her beyond repair. Her official documents were surrendered on November 4, 1902, formally marking her as a total loss and ending nearly 30 years of service on the Great Lakes.

Final Disposition

The burned hull of the Garden City was likely scrapped locally or left to deteriorate along the banks of the Saginaw River. Given the area’s industrial activity, any valuable materials—such as metal fittings or remaining machinery—would have been salvaged shortly after the fire.

Located By & Date Found

Nil – No confirmed discovery of the wreck has been reported. However, remnants may exist near Bay City, either submerged or buried under industrial development along the Saginaw River.

NOTMARs & Advisories

Nil – The wreck is not marked as a navigational hazard, and there are no specific maritime advisories related to the site.

Resources & Links

• Maritime History of the Great Lakes
• Great Lakes Vessels Database (BGSU)
• David Swayze Shipwreck File
• Bay County Historical Society
• Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center

Suggested Keywords, Categories, and Glossary Terms

Keywords: Garden City, propeller steamer, steambarge, Saginaw River fire, Bay City shipwreck, Northern Transportation Company, Great Lakes maritime history

Categories: Shipwrecks of Lake Huron, 19th Century Maritime Disasters, Great Lakes Steambarges, Fire-related Shipwrecks

Glossary Terms:

Propeller Steamer: A steam-powered vessel driven by a screw propeller, common on the Great Lakes in the 19th century.

Steambarge: A vessel originally built as a steamer but converted for bulk cargo transport, often operating with minimal passenger accommodations.

Stranded: A maritime term indicating that a vessel has run aground and is unable to refloat without assistance.

Surrendered Documents: The formal process of declaring a vessel a total loss, marking the end of its active registration.

Conclusion

The Garden City represents the dynamic evolution of Great Lakes vessels during the late 19th century, transitioning from a passenger and freight propeller steamer to a workhorse steambarge in the bulk cargo trade. Her long service life was marked by mechanical upgrades, ownership changes, groundings, and fires, reflecting both the challenges and adaptability of Great Lakes shipping. Though she was ultimately lost to fire in 1902, her story remains a testament to the resilience of vessels and crews navigating the often treacherous waters of the Great Lakes.