IDENTIFICATION & SITE INFORMATION #
VESSEL TYPE DESCRIPTION #
The INDIAN was a wooden-hulled steambarge, initially built as the CINCINNATI in 1853. Over its decades of service, the vessel underwent several name changes and ownership transfers, adapting to the shifting demands of maritime trade on the Great Lakes. The vessel featured a two-deck structure with sidewheel propulsion, making it a versatile cargo transporter across the inland seas.
HISTORY #
The INDIAN’s storied career began in Buffalo, New York, where it was launched in 1853 under the name CINCINNATI. Throughout its life, the vessel experienced several significant events, including breaking a shaft in 1854 and grounding near Forestville, Lake Huron, which required repairs in Detroit.
Ownership of the vessel changed multiple times, and with each new owner, the ship’s name evolved—from CINCINNATIto CITY OF HAMILTON, then ALPS, and finally INDIAN in 1860 when it came under Canadian ownership.
The INDIAN primarily operated in the Great Lakes region, transporting various goods and contributing to the bustling maritime activity of the 19th century. However, the vessel’s service was marred by several incidents that foreshadowed its eventual demise.
FINAL DISPOSITION #
On October 26, 1885, the INDIAN was moored in the harbor of Kingston, Ontario, when a devastating fire broke out onboard. The blaze quickly consumed the vessel, turning it into a total loss. Fortunately, no lives were lost in the incident, but the financial loss was substantial, with damages estimated at $5,000.
Following the fire, the stern of the INDIAN was removed and abandoned on the west side of Belle Island in Kingston. The remaining portions of the vessel were eventually broken up for firewood in 1902, marking the end of its existence.
NOTMARs & ADVISORIES #
No relevant Notices to Mariners (NOTMARs) are currently in effect for this wreck site.
LOCATED BY & DATE #
There are no specific records indicating modern rediscovery or diving activities related to the wreck of the INDIAN.
CURRENT CONDITION & ACCESSIBILITY #
Given that the vessel was broken up for firewood after its sinking, there is little to no remaining wreckage available for exploration. The site where the stern was abandoned remains a point of historical interest rather than a diveable location.
RESOURCES & LINKS #
- Maritime History of the Great Lakes
- Buffalo Daily Republic, October 29, 1885
- World Ship Society, Provisional List of Canadian Steamships
- Hanley Spur Historical Archive
KEYWORDS #
INDIAN, Steambarge, Kingston Harbor, Great Lakes Shipwreck, Fire, Maritime History
ANALYSIS #
The fiery demise of the steambarge INDIAN in 1885 is a stark reminder of the perils faced by vessels navigating the Great Lakes during the 19th century. The vessel’s long and varied history, marked by multiple ownership changes and name transformations, illustrates the dynamic nature of maritime commerce during that era. The fire that ultimately consumed the INDIAN in Kingston’s harbor highlights the ever-present dangers of fire onboard wooden vessels, a hazard that claimed many ships of the time. While the INDIAN’s story ended in flames, it serves as an enduring narrative of the risks and challenges inherent in the maritime industry during that period.
