AMERICAN UNION 307

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Identification & Site Information #

Wreck Name: American Union
Wreck Type: Wooden Schooner (later converted to Bark)
Official Number: Not listed
Dimensions: 186.48 feet in length, 33.16 feet in beam, 13.14 feet in depth
Gross Tonnage: 764 4/95 (old style)
Location: Thompson’s Harbor, Lake Huron, Michigan
Date of Loss: May 19, 1894

Vessel Type Description #

The American Union was a three-masted wooden schooner, later converted to a bark, which was constructed in 1862 by Ira LaFrinier in Cleveland, Ohio. Schooners were among the most versatile sailing vessels of the 19th century, often used for transporting bulk goods across the Great Lakes. Later, the vessel was converted to a bark, which added a square-rigged foremast, enabling it to handle larger sails and thus more cargo. The American Union exemplified the maritime ingenuity of its time, balancing size, speed, and cargo capacity.

History #

The American Union had a storied history marked by multiple ownership changes, collisions, and an eventual shipwreck. Initially built in 1862 in Cleveland, Ohio, the vessel was primarily owned by H.J. Winslow and associates, who were prominent figures in the maritime industry during the era. The schooner served as a workhorse on the Great Lakes, carrying various goods across the region.

The vessel’s early years were fraught with maritime incidents. In 1865, the American Union collided with another schooner, the Fremont. The collision resulted in the sinking of the Fremont, showcasing the perils faced by vessels navigating the busy and often treacherous waters of the Great Lakes. Three years later, in 1868, the American Unionsuffered another collision, this time with the schooner Forest, leading to damage to its headgear and bow spirit. These incidents underscored the challenges of 19th-century maritime navigation and the inherent risks of sailing large vessels on inland seas like the Great Lakes.

Throughout its operational life, the American Union changed ownership several times, passing through the hands of various maritime entrepreneurs, including Wm. G. Winslow, John Prindiville, A.G. VanSchaick, Harrison Ludington, James Godman, and Annetta L. Godman. Despite the frequent changes in ownership, the vessel remained an important asset, continuing to operate on the Great Lakes until its eventual demise.

The American Union met its tragic end on May 6, 1894, when it ran aground in Thomas Bay near Presque Isle, Michigan, while sailing without cargo. The vessel was caught in a storm and stranded on the shallow waters of Lake Huron. Initial attempts to salvage the vessel were unsuccessful, leaving it vulnerable to the elements. Unfortunately, before a more significant salvage operation could be undertaken, a second, more severe storm struck the area on May 19, 1894, destroying the vessel. The ship was declared a constructive total loss, with the estimated financial loss amounting to $12,000—a substantial sum for the period.

Final Disposition #

The wreck of the American Union lies in the waters of Thompson’s Harbor in Lake Huron. Although the vessel was a total loss, there were no fatalities, a small consolation in the face of such a disaster. The ship’s remains have become part of the rich maritime history of Lake Huron, a testament to the enduring dangers faced by sailors of the Great Lakes.

NOTMARs & Advisories #

Current Status: The wreck site is not extensively documented or marked for recreational diving. Those exploring Lake Huron should be aware of the submerged hazards in the area and take appropriate precautions.

Located By & Date #

Discovered: The wreck has not been formally discovered in modern times. Its location is based on historical records.

Resources & Links #

David Swayze Shipwreck File: Search Shipwreck Records
Maritime History of the Great Lakes: Explore Great Lakes Maritime History
Great Lakes Ships: Ship Information

Conclusion #

The American Union is a stark reminder of the hazards faced by ships navigating the Great Lakes in the 19th century. From its early days of collision and damage to its ultimate demise in the cold waters of Lake Huron, the vessel’s history is a narrative of resilience in the face of adversity. While the American Union may now rest in obscurity at the bottom of Lake Huron, its story remains an integral part of Great Lakes maritime history, offering insights into the challenges and dangers that characterized the golden age of sail on North America’s inland seas.